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The Lithium and Marble Goldmine: A Sub-national Blueprint for Oyo State’s Solid Mineral Independence

by InsideOyo
July 3, 2026
in Opinion
0
The Lithium and Marble Goldmine: A Sub-national Blueprint for Oyo State’s Solid Mineral Independence

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By David Alani Ige (The Scribe)
The global economy is currently undergoing a massive energy and industrial transition, and the new crude oil is beneath our feet. As Governor Seyi Makinde works to cement his ‘Omituntun 2.0’ economic legacy, his administration has rightly recognized that Oyo State can no longer rely solely on federal allocations or agricultural outputs to fund its mega-infrastructure projects. 
The Governor’s deliberate structuring of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, alongside the proactive engagements of the Oyo State Mineral Development Agency (OYSMIDA), signals a clear political will to organize this sector. However, as the clock ticks toward 2027, the Pacesetter State must now aggressively pivot from administrative regulation to full-scale commercialization. Oyo State must assert its dominance in the global solid minerals market.
The Challenge: The Paradox of Wealth and Artisanal Leakage
From the massive marble deposits in Igbeti to the world-class lithium pegmatites and tantalite scattered across the Òkè-Ògùn region, Oyo State is practically a polymetallic province. Yet, a glaring paradox persists: the economic realities of the host communities do not reflect the billions of naira buried beneath their soil.
Historically, the extraction of these precious resources has been heavily dominated by artisanal operators, illegal miners, and foreign smugglers. Because mining is placed on the Exclusive Legislative List of the Federal Government, states have traditionally folded their arms, watching massive wealth leave their borders while they inherit only environmental degradation and compromised security. If Oyo State is to achieve true fiscal independence, we must bridge the gap between federal legislation and sub-national economic participation. We must stop the revenue leakage.
The Blueprint: Executing the Solid Mineral Masterplan
To massively boost our Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) and secure our resource wealth, the Makinde administration must deploy the following strategic frameworks:
1. Structuring State-Backed Commercial Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs)
Oyo State must stop acting merely as a host and start acting as a major shareholder. Using the state-owned Pacesetter Mineral Development Company as a vehicle, the government must aggressively acquire federal mining licenses and enter into structured Joint Ventures (JVs) with serious international mining corporations. The state must hold equity in every large-scale extraction operation happening within its borders, ensuring direct dividend payments into the state treasury.
2. Building a Mineral Beneficiation and Processing Hub in Òkè-Ògùn
The era of exporting raw soil must end. The state government must mandate that any company extracting lithium, marble, or gemstones in Oyo State must process them locally. By establishing a “Solid Minerals Beneficiation Hub” in the Òkè-Ògùn corridor—powered by the state’s newly decentralized energy grid—we can transform raw lithium ore (which sells for pennies) into high-grade battery concentrates. This will create thousands of high-paying industrial jobs for our youths and position Oyo State as a critical player in the global clean-energy supply chain.
3. Securing the Mining Corridors via Specialized Amotekun Units
Resource wealth attracts non-state actors. The security of our mining host communities is non-negotiable. The state government should immediately create a specialized “Mining Infrastructure Guard” within the Western Nigeria Security Network (Amotekun). This heavily equipped unit will focus solely on protecting legal mining operations, enforcing the Community Development Agreements (CDAs), and routing out illegal, armed miners from our forests.
The Archival Verdict
A state’s greatness is not defined by what it has, but by what it strategically harnesses. The multi-billion-dollar solid mineral deposits in Oyo State hold the key to wiping out our sub-national debt and fully funding our educational and healthcare institutions for decades.
Governor Seyi Makinde has proven his capacity for bold, structural reforms. If he successfully commercializes the lithium and marble beneath our soil, he will have unlocked the ultimate economic vault of the Pacesetter State, leaving behind a legacy of absolute financial independence.
David Alani Ige (The Scribe) Institutional Archivist & Public Commentator.
Phunshor01@gmail.com
Igboho, Oyo State
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Tags: David Alani IgeMarble GoldmineOyo State Mineral Development AgencySolid Mineral
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By Sulaimon Olanrewaju On Tuesday, June 26, 2018 in Ibadan, the Oyo State High Court corridors were filled not with lawyers in crisp suits, but with weary and worried pensioners clutching faded documents. Their faces told stories of decades of service in classrooms and council offices, now overshadowed by years of waiting. It was the hearing of a suit filed by the Nigeria Union of Pensioners (NUP), Oyo State Council, against the then governor of the state, Senator Abiola Ajimobi, and five other top officials of the state. The union had dragged the government before the High Court over ₦42.3 billion unpaid gratuities and pensions for retired primary school teachers and local government pensioners. The figure was staggering, but for the retirees, it was beyond mere numbers; it was meals they couldn’t afford, the medication they couldn’t access, the responsibilities they couldn’t meet, and the dignity they had lost. The union’s counsel, Lasun Sanusi (SAN), painted a grim picture of the pensioners’ plight before Justice Maruf Adegbola. He said: “Primary school teachers and local government pensioners are dying almost daily because they cannot afford medications for their health challenges.” The courtroom fell silent, the words echoing the desperation of thousands of senior citizens. Outside, the pensioners gathered in clusters, some leaning on walking sticks, others supported by their children. They spoke of promises broken, of agreements to pay arrears in instalments that never materialised. Representatives of the Nigeria Labour Congress stood with them, amplifying their cries for justice. Speaking at a press conference, the then state chairman of the union, Comrade Gbadegesin Akande, said the decision to institute a suit against the governor and others was a consequence of the roguish disposition of the government towards pensioners’ welfare, which resulted in the hoary heads, who had invested their youthful years in the service of the state, being subjected to agonising hardship and excruciating denigration. He explained that their recourse to the courts became a Hobson’s choice following the failure of the government to attend to the series of letters that had been written, endless pleas that had been made, and even countless protests that the union had embarked upon to get the government to address its plight. But despite their resort to litigation, not much changed for the pensioners; pensions were still owed and gratuities were still unpaid. At another press conference jointly addressed by the Secretary of the NUP, Comrade Segun Abatan, and the Secretary of the Association of Retired Primary School Teachers, Comrade Tunji Ogunwale, on May 4, 2019, the duo lamented the plight of pensioners and accused the outgoing administration of Governor Abiola Ajimobi of owing N62.5bn in pensions and gratuities. Speaking at the press conference, Comrade Ogunwale said: “Today, Oyo State Government is owing us N62.5billion. That is the amount of gratuities left unpaid. I am personally being owed 35 months pension arrears. They are owing some of us 60 months, some 55 and some 40 months. It varies from eight to 60 months. He (Governor Ajimobi) has never paid anybody any gratuity in the last eight years. If we had not gone to court, that means he would not have deemed it fit to pay a dime for eight years.” So, for pensioners in Oyo State, up to May 2019, life was rough, tough and torturous. It was marked by hardship, uncertainty, and indignity. Many retirees who had served the state faithfully for decades suddenly found themselves struggling to survive, as their pensions and gratuities were either delayed or paid in fractions. The government owed billions in arrears, and the elderly were left to bear the brunt of financial neglect. Their plight became a recurring headline, with protests and court actions reflecting the depth of their suffering. For many of these senior citizens already in the twilight of their lives, with children already grown and independent, there was no steady support system. So, feeding became a major challenge and getting money to buy the needed medication for their ailments became a nightmare. Many retirees sold property to survive, and some even died while waiting for what was theirs. The situation robbed many of them of the dignity and honour of old age. They were forced into begging or, for those of them who could muster enough strength, taking up menial jobs as security guards or gatemen. But when Comrades Abatan and Ogunwale held the press conference in May 2019, little did they realise how close the pensioners were to the change they had always wanted. On the 29th of that month, while being inaugurated as the Executive Governor of Oyo State for the first tenure at the iconic Liberty Stadium, Engineer Seyi Makinde made a promise that no longer would pensions be delayed or paid in percentages in the state. He then donated his entire salary as governor to the state for pension payment. He also promised to clear the backlog of unpaid gratuities. That marked the beginning of the end of the woes that retired civil servants had been subjected to over the years. Governor Makinde kept his promise to the pensioners and began the implementation immediately. While full pensions were paid alongside workers’ salaries, the governor, in 2019, approved the release of ₦500m monthly for gratuity. This was later increased to N1bn monthly in 2024, N1.5bn in 2025, and eventually N3bn monthly in January 2026. Till date, over N25bn gratuity backlog has been cleared with almost 5,000 retirees benefiting. Makinde did not stop at that. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the governor approved the free enrolment of pensioners into the State Health Insurance Scheme, reaffirming the administration’s commitment to ensuring accessible and affordable healthcare for senior citizens. The governor also raised the minimum pension in the state to N25,000. In addition, Governor Makinde approved that all pension increases since 2007, such as the 33 percent pension increase of 2010 and the consequential adjustment of 2019, be factored into the pensions of affected pensioners. With that, Oyo State pensioners became the highest paid in the country. The consistency in pension payment and commitment to outstanding gratuity defrayment have transformed the life of many a pensioner. For many retirees, the moment they received their gratuity was life-changing. Mrs Modupe Akinola, a retired teacher said, “The day I got my gratuity, I cried.” She added, “It was like a burden lifted off my shoulders. I could finally repair my leaking roof.” Equally transformative was the prompt payment of monthly pensions. Unlike what it was in the pre-Makinde era, retirees no longer have to wait for months to receive fractions of their pension. Salaries and pensions are paid side by side, restoring confidence and stability. “I can now buy my drugs without borrowing,” said Mr. Adewale Oladipo, a retired civil servant. “Before, I used to skip medication because I couldn’t afford it. That nearly killed me.” To express their gratitude to Governor Seyi Makinde for his commitment to their welfare, members of the Nigeria Union of Pensioners, Oyo State Council, organised an appreciation rally in front of the Governor’s Office, Oyo State Government Secretariat in 2025. Speaking at the rally, the Secretary, Comrade Olusegun Abatan, said: "16 years before you took over the mantle of government in Oyo State, pensioners had no government that was sympathetic and empathetic to their plights. Gratuities were not paid as and when due, pensions of those times were withheld or paid in instalments and all entreaties to the governments fell on deaf ears, resulting in massive deaths of our members. "At one point, Oyo State pensioners were referred to as dead people and in actual fact, we were dying like fowls afflicted by Newcastle disease. When you contested for the first term, we just wanted anybody that would liberate us from the shackles of death and we went ahead to vote en masse for you. We did the same thing when you threw your hat into the ring for a second term....

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